{"id":7625,"date":"2024-01-30T07:40:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T07:40:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/?p=7625"},"modified":"2024-01-30T07:41:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T07:41:47","slug":"xulio-kortasar-hamisha-hammadan-oldinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/xulio-kortasar-hamisha-hammadan-oldinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Xulio Kortasar: \u201cHamisha hammadan oldinda\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>Agar yozuvchi jamiyat taraqqiyoti yo\u2018lida halol xizmat qilishga intilsa, adabiyotda, hayotda hamisha oldingi o\u2018rinni egallashi kerak, deb hisoblagan hozirgi zamon Lotin Amerikasining yirik adiblaridan biri \u2013 Xulio Kortasar. Xalqaro adabiyot maydonida Xulio Kortasarni haqli ravishda birinchi raqamli Argentina yozuvchisi deb baholaganlar. Mana, o\u2018ttiz yildan oshdiki, bu baho o\u2018zgarmasdan turibdi. Ajoyib romannavis, qisqa novella, hikoya ustasi Xulio Kortasarning (1914\u20131984) \u201cImtihon\u201d, \u201cYutuq\u201d kabi ajoyib romanlari, \u201cBestiariy\u201d, \u201cO\u2018yinning tugashi\u201d kabi qator hikoyalar to\u2018plami hamon adabiyot muxlislarini hayratga solib kelmoqda, ajoyib adabiy mahoratga dalil sifatida katta adabiyotga xizmat qilmoqda.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u2013 Hayot bilan adabiy mehnat o\u2018rtasidagi aloqa haqida nimalar deya olasiz?<\/strong><br>\u2013 Aloqami? Ba\u2019zilar buni \u201cmajburiyat\u201d deb ataydilar. Men buni \u201cyozuvchi mas\u2019uliyati\u201d deb atagan bo\u2018lardim. Bundan o\u2018n yil ilgari o\u2018zlarini inqilobchilar deb atagan, lekin bora-bora isyonchi bo\u2018lmay qolgan, Lotin Amerikasida nom chiqargan ko\u2018pgina adiblar paydo bo\u2018ldilar. Ular go\u2018yoki kristallanmagan liberalizmga, axloqsizlikka sirpanib tushganlar. Ya\u2019ni ular nazariy tomondan nimalardir deya valdirab ma\u2019ruza qiladilar, amalda esa zimmalariga hech qanday mas\u2019uliyatni olmaydilar. Ana shunday \u201cinqilobchilar\u201ddan ba\u2019zilari o\u2018z martabalariga putur yetmasligi uchun hatto Kubaga borishdan ham bosh tortdilar. Ular gapirishga ham arzimaydilar, ular hech qanday ahamiyatga ega emaslar. Lekin boshqa toifa yozuvchilar haqida kishilar qarshisida o\u2018z mas\u2019uliyatini anglab yetuvchi san\u2019at ustalari haqida gapirish kerak bo\u2018ladi. Bu kabi yozuvchini kitob yozishga \u201cmahkum etilgan\u201d inson deb atash mumkin. Bunday yozuvchi hamma ishdan ko\u2018ra o\u2018z ishini qotiradi va bu borada hattoki inqilobga ham ko\u2018proq foydasi tegadi. O\u2018zuvchi mas\u2019uliyati ilgarilab yuradi, bu hamma narsada \u2013 ijodda va shaxs yurish-turishida ham aks etishi zarur. Kerak bo\u2018lsa, yozuvchi hatto avtomatdan otishni ham bilishi lozim. Hamisha hammadan oldinda yurishi kerak.<br><strong>\u2013 Ijodkor inqilob uchquni \u201calangalanib turgan qit\u2019a\u201dga o\u2018z ta\u2019sirini o\u2018tkaza olarmikin? Kurashga yozuvchilar asarlari ko\u2018proq hissa qo\u2018shadimi yoki uning shaxsan qatnashuvi? Sizning shu haqdagi fikringiz\u2026<\/strong><br>\u2013 Qiyin savol. Men faqat o\u2018zim haqimdagina gapirishim mumkin. Agar men Lotin Amerikasi kelajagi uchun bo\u2018lgan kurashda biror hissa qo\u2018shgan bo\u2018lsam, bu ham qalamim mehnati tufaylidir. Mening siyosiy faolga aylanganimga uncha ko\u2018p bo\u2018lgani yo\u2018q. Turli xalqaro tashkilotlardan o\u2018zimga topshirilgan ishni men yozuvchilik faoliyati bilan baravar olib boraman. Fikrimcha, mening kitoblarim siyosiy nutqlardan ko\u2018ra nafi ko\u2018proq.<br><strong>\u2013 Aftidan, bu savol sizga uncha ma\u2019qul kelmasa kerak. Siz kabi siyosiy pozisiyani egallamagan yozuvchi ahamiyatga molik katta asar yaratishga qodirmikin?<\/strong><br>\u2013 Mavhum nazariya jihatidan aytadigan bo\u2018lsam, ha, yaratadi \u2013 inqilob pozisiyasida turmagan, siyosat bilan qiziqmagan iste\u2019dodli kishi bemalol san\u2019at asari yaratishi mumkin. Axir, bu asar uning xayoliy tasavvurlari mahsuli bo\u2018ladi-ku! Bu adabiy asar bo\u2018lishi ham mumkin. Asar kitobxonni qiziqtiradimi-yo\u2018qmi \u2013 mana shunisi muhim. Bugungi kitobxon olamni anglab yetishga, boshqa kishilarni tushunishga intilmoqda va unga qaysi muallif kitobini qo\u2018liga olgani, yozuvchining o\u2018zi qanday pozisiyani egallagani juda muhim. Masalan, Argentinada aksilinqilobiy yo\u2018l-yo\u2018riq ko\u2018rsatadigan reaksion, hatto fashist yozuvchilar bor. Biroq talabalar, ishchilar, savodli dehqonlar bunday mualliflar yozganlarini o\u2018qimaydilar. Ularning xalqqa chindan ham keragi yo\u2018q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>Ma\u2019suma AHMEDOVA tarjimasi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em><strong>Manba:<\/strong> &laquo;Kitob dunyosi&raquo; gazetasi<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Agar yozuvchi jamiyat taraqqiyoti yo\u2018lida halol xizmat qilishga intilsa, adabiyotda, hayotda hamisha oldingi o\u2018rinni egallashi kerak, deb hisoblagan hozirgi zamon Lotin Amerikasining yirik adiblaridan biri \u2013 Xulio Kortasar. Xalqaro adabiyot maydonida Xulio Kortasarni haqli ravishda birinchi raqamli Argentina yozuvchisi deb baholaganlar. Mana, o\u2018ttiz yildan oshdiki, bu baho o\u2018zgarmasdan turibdi. Ajoyib romannavis, qisqa novella, hikoya ustasi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7625"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7629,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7625\/revisions\/7629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademnashr.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}